Steps of Glycolysis

Steps of Glycolysis

The enzyme hexokinase adds a phosphate group to glucose producing glucose 6-phosphate. This phosphate group comes from ATP and it is converted to ADP.

The enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase converts glucose 6-phosphate into its isomer fructose 6-phosphate.

The enzyme phosphofructokinase uses another ATP molecule to transfer a phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate to form a hexose-bisphosphate.

The enzyme aldolase splits the molecule into two sugars that are isomers of each other.

First the enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase transfers a hydrogen (H-) from the molecule NAD+ to form NADH via oxidation. Next triose phosphate dehydrogenase adds a phosphate (P) from the cytosol to the oxidized molecule. This occurs for both molecules created by lysis

The enzyme phosphoglycerokinase transfers a phosphate from the molecule to a molecule of ADP to form ATP.  The process yields two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules and two ATP molecules.

The enzyme phosphoglyceromutase relocates the P from 3-phosphoglycerate from the third carbon to the second carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate.

The enzyme enolase removes a molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP). This happens for each molecule of 2-phosphoglycerate.

The enzyme pyruvate kinase transfers the final phosphate from PEP to ADP to form pyruvic acid and ATP. This happens for each molecule of PEP. This reaction yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and 2 ATP molecules.